ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome [MES] is associated with a high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as well as cut-off points for waist circumference [WC] for diagnosis of MES in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Totally, 1802 people [735 men and 1067 women] with metabolic syndrome were surveyed according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] and the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria as well as obtained WC cut-off points for IDF criteria. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women than in men. In both sexes the prevalence increased with age. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 1802 individuals aged>/=19 years according to NCEP ATP III, IDF and IDF-AHA/NHLBI were 21.0% [15.4% in male, 24.9% female], 24.8 [20.0% in male, 28.1% in female] and 23.3% [19.7% in male, 25.8% in female], respectively. Low HDL-C [60.6%] and high WC [43.3%] were the most common components of the metabolic syndrome, followed by high triglycerides [32%], elevated glucose [17.1%] and high blood pressure [13%]. Our data shows a high prevalence of MES in Zahedan, Southeast Iran, therefore, future health prevention strategies are required for the prevention of MES
ABSTRACT
The ratio of urine protein to urine osmolality has recently been suggested as an accurate method to determine proteinuria. We studied the correlation of urine protein to urine osmolality ratio with 24-hr urinary protein excretion. 150 children aged 0.11-17 years admitted to the Department of Pediatric Nephrology were included in this study. Early morning urine samples and 24-hr urine specimens were collected and analyzed for protein, creatinine, and osmolality. The patients with chronic renal failure were not excluded. Two groups were established: Children with no proteinuria [group 1] and those with proteinuria [group 2]. The optimal cutoff value of abnormal proteinuria and nephrotic range proteinuria was determined to be a protein-osmolality ratio [Up/Uosm] 0.27 and 1.59 mg/1/mOsm respectively. The correlation of 24-hr urinary protein excretion withboth urinary protein/creatinine ratio [Up/Ucr] and Up/Uosm was highly significant [p<0.001]. According to the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curves analysis, we found no differences between Up/Uosm and Up/Ucr ratios in detecting either abnormal proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Urine protein to urine osmolality ratio seems to be a simple and a valuable test for the assessment of the degree of proteinuria in children